Frequently, social divisions were neatly expressed in street names. Similarly, the Vanias were divided into such divisions as Disawal, Kapol, Khadayata, Lad, Modh, Nagar, Nima, Porwad, Shirmali, Vayada, and Zarola. They adopted Rajput customs and traditions, claimed Rajput status, and gave daughters in marriage to Rajputs in the lower rungs of Rajput hierarchy. Far from it, I am only suggesting that its role had certain limitations and that the principle of division was also an important and competing principle. No one knows when and how they came into existence and what they meant socially. Mother Tongue: Gujarati. * List of Scheduled Tribes in Gujarat; A. . This account of the divisions is based on various sources, but mainly on Bombay Gazetteer (1901). The Meghwal (also known as Megh and Meghraj) people live primarily in northwest India, with a small population in Pakistan. Created Date: The existence of ekdas or gols, however, does not mean that the divisiveness of caste ended there or that the ekdas and gols were always the definitive units of endogamy. Most of them were, true to their name, rulers at various levels of the political hierarchy from the kingly level to the level of dominant caste in many villages. There was also a tendency among bachelors past marriageable age to establish liaisons with lower-caste women, which usually led the couple to flee and settle down in a distant village. Dowry not only continues to be a symbol of status in the new hierarchy but is gradually replacing bride price wherever it existed, and dowry amounts are now reaching astronomical heights. Their work is distinguished by their primary use of red, which comes from a local pigment produced from crushed insects. Madhurima has completed her Masters in Biochemistry from North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong. Near about 146 caste which belongs to SEBC that is highest in Gujrat. The surname thus has an occupational origin. Mehta comes from the Sanskrit word mahita that means great or praised.. Individuals from the Barot community would usually work as genealogists (one who studies and makes a pedigree) and as bards. Another major factor in the growth of urban centres in Gujarat was political. <> In fact it has caused . Nowadays, in urban areas in particular, very few people think of making separate seating arrangements for members of different castes at wedding and such other feasts. In an area of the first kind there are no immigrant Kolis from elsewhere, and therefore, there is no question of their having second-order divisions. This meant that he could marry a girl of any subdivision within the Vania division. When divisions are found within a jati, the word sub-jati or sub-caste is used. The surname is derived from the Sanskrit word gandha, meaning fragrance. Also, the horizontal spread of a caste rarely coincided with the territorial boundaries of a political authority. This stratum among the Kanbis coped with the problem mainly by practising remarriage of widows and divorced women. We shall return later to a consideration of this problem. The Bhavsars claim to be of Kshatriya descent. Religious writings of those Bhagats were collected by Guru Arjan. The Kolis in such an area may not even be concerned about a second-order divisional name and may be known simply as Kolis. The Kanbis (now called Patidars) had five divisions: Leva, Kadya, Anjana, Bhakta, and Matia. In some places they are known as Ganeshia, Meghbansi, Mihagh, Rakhesar, Rakhia, Rikhia, Rishia and other names. The prohibition of inter-division marriage was much more important than the rules of purity and pollution in the maintenance of boundaries between the lower-order divisions. Rawal/Raval originates from the Sanskrit word Raja, meaning king. They were given to the bride as a "bride wealth" dowry by her soon-to-be husband's mother. Moreover, some leading Anavils did not wish to be bothered about Brahman status, saying that they were just Anavil. Then please ask us by writing in the comment box. While fission did occur, fusion could also occur. Inclusion of a lower-order division in a higher-order one and distinction between various divisions in a certain order was not as unambiguous. The most important of them was the Koli division, which was, the largest division and mainly included small landholders, tenants and labourers. People belonging to the work culture of a similar kind have yet another common name. The name, Talapada, meaning "mdigenous", commonly used in the 19th century, is most clear, since it is clearly distinguished from the other division called Pardeshi, meaning "foreign", who during the last one or two centuries immigrated here from the area around Patan in north Gujarat and were, therefore, also called Patan- wadias . There was an emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower. Of particular importance seems to be the fact that a section of the urban population was more or less isolatedsome may say, alienatedfrom the rural masses from generation to generation. In some places they are known as Ganeshia, Meghbansi, Mihagh, Rakhesar, Rakhia, Rikhia, Rishia and other names. Content Guidelines 2. Get close to the ancestry and significance of some of the popular Spanish surnames. In any case, castes are not likely to cease to be castes in the consciousness of people in the foreseeable future. To know how to differentiate between Gujrati surnames, given below is a list of surnames with the respective meanings. At the other end were castes in which the principle of division had free play and the role of the principle of hierarchy was limited. Below this paragraph, I have provided Gujarat Caste List in PDF format which is the same as Digital Gujarat Caste List. Each unit was ranked in relation to others, and many members of the lower units married their daughters into the higher units, so that almost every unit became loose in the course of time. CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF GUJARAT Entry No Caste/ Community Resolution No. Many of these names were also based on place names. All this trade encouraged development of trading and commercial towns in the rest of Gujarat, even in the highland area. In the second-order divisions of the Vanias the small endogamous units functioned more effectively and lasted longer: although the hypergamous tendency did exist particularly between the rural and the urban sections in a unit, it had restricted play. The point is that the Rajput hierarchy, with the princely families at the top, merged at the lower level imperceptibly into the vast sea of tribal and semi-tribal people like Bhils and Kolis. Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat! Dalal derives from the Arabic word dallal or aldilal, which means an auctioneer. The surname Dalal would have been an occupational one for those who worked as traders, brokers, or merchants. Below is a list of the Bhagats who contributed towards Sri Guru Granth Sahib:[2]. We have analyzed the internal structure of two first-order divisions, Rajput and Anavil, which did not have any second-order divisions, and of several second-order divisionsTalapada and Pardeshi Koli, Khedawal Brahman, and Leva Kanbiwhich did not have any third-order divisions. For example, among almost every Vania division there was a dual division into Visa and Dasa: Visa Nagar and Dasa Nagar, Visa Lad and Dasa Lad, Visa Modh and Dasa Modh, Visa Khadayata and Dasa Khadayata, and so on. hu)_EYUT?:fX:vOR,4g4ce{\(wcUO %OW-Knj|qV]_)1?@{^ $:0ZY\fpg7J~Q~pHaMVSP5bLC}6+zwgv;f f^v4[|vug+vO0h t7QNP}EYm+X[x~;O|z5tq ]-39aa{g-u5n:a56&`3y.f-a@a"0v-a@$%`Z]]Iqb56aR0g 30V9EM%K"#|6uN? =O|8alCcs):~AC<5 q|om57/|Sgc}2c#)U~WL}%T]s> z. The castes pervaded by hierarchy and hypergamy had large populations spread evenly from village to village and frequently also from village to town over a large area. Almost all the main Gujarat communities, such as the Memon, Chhipa, Ghanchi, Khoja, Bohra and Sunni Bohra have caste associations, known as jamats. These powerful last names will allow your little ones to flaunt their surnames with pride. Yes. A comment on the sociology of urban India would, therefore, be in order before we go ahead with the discussion of caste divisions. Because of these two major factors, one economic and the other political, Gujarat at the beginning of the 19th century had a large urban population, distributed over a large number of small towns. Koli Idaria Koli, Kharwa-koli, Rathwa-Koli, Baria-Koli, Dhebari-Koli. , , , . Although I have not, during my limited field work, come across hypergamous marriages between Rajputs and Bhils, ethnographic reports and other literature frequently refer to such marriages (see, for example, Naik 1956: 18f; Nath I960. Sometimes a division could even be a self-contained endogamous unit. Asking different questions and using different methods are necessary. The migration of the Kolis of north Gujarat into central Gujarat and those of the latter into eastern Gujarat was a process of slow drift from one village to another over a period of time. The dye is caste in Gujarat. The name Desai thus means landlord.. Copyright 10. We had seen earlier that in the first-order division, such as that of the Rajputs, there were no second-order divisions, and no attempt was made to form small endogamous units: hypergamy had free play, as it were. Chaudhari or Hindu Aniana, Desai, Aanjana Kanbi, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patidar (whre the are not S.T. Further, during this lengthy process of slow amalgamation those who will marry in defiance of the barriers of sub-caste, will still be imbued with caste mentality (1932: 184). Kumbhar (Prajapati, Varia), Prajapati (uijar prajapati, Varia Prajapati, Sorthia Prajapati), Sorathiya Prajapati. In fact, inter-tad marriages have increased so much that the tads have more or less lost their identity and such marriages are no longer considered as violating the rule of tad endogamy. Thus, finding any boundary between Rajputs and Kolis in the horizontal context was impossible, although there were sharp boundaries between the two in the narrow local context. Bhagat is a Hindi and Punjabi word derived from the Sanskrit word Bhagavat, , which means glorious (source: Monier-Williams Dictionary), and is used as an epithet for Vishnu or Krishna. Hence as we go down the hierarchy we encounter more and more debates regarding the claims of particular lineages to being Rajput so much so that we lose sight of any boundary and the Rajput division merges imperceptibly into some other division. , I couldn't have asked for more. Since these were all status categories rather than clear- cut divisions, I have not considered them as constituting third-order divisions. We need to formulate some idea of the nature of the Indian urban society and its relation with the rural society in the past, at least at the beginning of the 19th century. Pages in category "Social groups of Gujarat" The following 157 pages are in this category, out of 157 total. In Gujarat, the Modi surname is used by Hindus, Muslims, and Parsis. He stated: hereditary specialization together with hierarchical organization sinks into the background in East Africa (293). The lowest stratum among the Khedawals tried to cope with the problem of scarcity of brides mainly by practising ignominious exchange marriage and by restricting marriage of sons in a family to the younger sons, if not to only the youngest. One of the reasons behind underplaying of the principle of division by Dumont as well as by others seems to be the neglect of the study of caste in urban areas (see Dumonts remarks in 1972: 150). For Sindhi folk art, see, http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2806/1/41944_1961_ETH.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagat&oldid=1146477012, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 03:36. The indigenous Kolis in the highland area of Pal in eastern Gujarat were called Palia, but there was another smaller population of KoUs, who were locally called Baria but were actually Talapada immigrants from central Gujarat. More common was an ekda or tad having its population residing either in a few neighbouring villages, or in a few neighbouring towns, or in both. A fundamental difficulty with these paradigms of change, as indicated by the above analysis, is that they are based on a partial conception of the systematic or structural whole in the past partially because it does not cover the urban situation and the complexity of horizontal units. The main point is that we do not completely lose sight of the lowest boundary among these three hypergamous divisions as we do among the Rajputs. There was considerable elaboration in urban areas of what Ghurye long ago called the community aspect of caste (1932: 179) and frequently, this led to juxtaposition rather than hierarchy between caste divisions of the same order. The castes of the three categoriesprimarily urban, primarily rural, and rural-cum-urbanformed an intricate network spread over the rural and urban communities in the region. 3 0 obj While we can find historical information about the formation of ekdas and tads there are only myths about the formation of the numerous second-order divisions. It used to have a panch (council of leaders) and sometimes also a headman (patel). You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Sikhism-related article is a stub. The Brahmans were divided into such divisions as Audich, Bhargav, Disawal, Khadayata, Khedawal, Mewada, Modh, Nagar, Shrigaud, Shrimali, Valam, Vayada, and Zarola. The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). The Rajputs, in association with the Kolis, were probably the only horizontal unit which had continuous internal hierarchy, i.e., hypergamy unbroken by any endogamous subdivisions, and which did not have discernible boundaries at the lowest level. Apparently this upper boundary of the division was sharp and clear, especially when we remember that many of these royal families practised polygyny and female infanticide until middle of the 19th century (see Plunkett 1973; Viswa Nath 1969, 1976). That the sociological study of urban areas in India has not received as much attention as that of rural areas is well known, and the studies made so far have paid little attention to caste in urban areas. Bhagat is a term used in the Indian subcontinent to describe religious personalities who have obtain high acclaim in their community for their services and devoutness. Barot Vahivancha Charan, Gadhvi, Gadhavi (where they are not Scheduled Tribe) -do- 5. These sub-groups being more conscious about their previous identities maintain their old customs and traditions. This Hinduism-related article is a stub. The surname likely comes from the Hindustani word mistri, which comes from the Portuguese word mestre, meaning an expert or a master. The surname thus refers to a treasurer. For example, the Khadayata Brahmans worked as priests at important rituals among Khadayata Vanias. The surname thus has an occupational origin.

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