15th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association, 1999. Chen et al investigated a combination of minimally invasive dual incision and internal fixation with mini plates as an alternative to ORIF in 20 patients with Sanders type III intra-articular calcaneal fractures and a posterior subtalar articular displacement greater than 2 mm. Grn W, Molund M, Nilsen F, Stdle AH. 2. J Bone Joint Surg Am. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Li S. Wound and Sural Nerve Complications of the Sinus Tarsi Approach for Calcaneus Fractures. Type I (20%) the fracture line may be through the tuberosity, the sustentaculum tali, or the anterior process of the calcaneus. Wagstrom EA, Downes JM. Sanders RW, Rammelt S. Fractures of the calcaneus. Disability associated with calcaneal fractures is significant, often resulting in permanent disability. Rowe Calcaneal Fracture - Radiology and Biomechanics 7,462 views Sep 13, 2014 Mansoor Ahmed Show more 114 Dislike Share ahMEDacademy 3.54K subscribers Myerson classification - LisFranc. Degan TJ, Morrey BF, Braun DP. - Sander's Classification: 5) From behind forward with dislocated STJ. Calcaneus fractures. It is from this point that multiple secondary fracture lines may develop. J Orthop Trauma. 47-54. Teaching & Learning - Primary Subtalar Fusion for Calcaneal Fracture, - Percutaneous Fixation: [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Badillo K, Pacheco J, Padua S, Gomez A, Colon E, Vidal J. Multidetector CT Evaluation of Calcaneal Fractures. Disclaimer. Classification (Carter-Rowe) Type I Type Ia - Fracture of the calcaneal tuberosities. Intra-articular fractures constitute 70% of all calcaneus fractures in adults. 1916. Journals [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 2) Various 6. Calcaneus fractures are rarely encountered as open fractures. The association between subtalar joint motion and outcome satisfaction in patients with displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Potter MQ, Nunley JA. Lakstein D, Bermant A, Shoihetman E, Hendel D, Feldbrin Z. Results of closed treatment. fracture of the anterior tubercle due to plantarflexion on a supinated foot Most common type 1 fracture Most common in females Tx: CR and BK WB cast for 6 weeks. Results of closed treatment, Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures, Age, Gender, Work Capability, and Worker's Compensation in Patients with Displaced Intraarticular Calcaneal Fractures, Primary Subtalar Fusion for Calcaneal Fracture, Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures with Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Screw Fixation, Intra-Articular Fractures of the Calcaneus. Thethree subtalar facets (anterior, middle, and posterior) must function as a unit, and any fracture that interrupts their alignment is, by definition, an intra-articular fracture. 1984 May. 66 (3):386-90. Compare minimally displaced calcaneal tuberosity fracture on patient's left side with comminuted intra-articular (Sanders type III) fracture on right. Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated in a minimally invasive fashion: longitudinal approach versus sinus tarsi approach. Bilateral calcaneus fractures sustained in motor vehicle collision. 'https://flow.aquaplatform.com/ajs.php':'http://flow.aquaplatform.com/ajs.php'); [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. - manual position across the calcaneal body; Zhang T, Su Y, Chen W, Zhang Q, Wu Z, Zhang Y. - talus become dorsiflexed; - fracture classification: Core Radiology. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright 1994-2023 by WebMD LLC. Relat. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. - Intraarticular calcaneal fractures. 9:854210. Foot Ankle Int. Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. The authors concluded that MIS can achieve acceptable fracture reduction and that it can serve as the primary definitive treatment option for open fractures of the calcaneus. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Daftary A, Haims A, Baumgaertner M. Fractures of the Calcaneus: A Review with Emphasis on CT. Radiographics. 2009 Aug. 91 (8):1854-60. Ten percent of calcaneus fractures are bilateral. 8600 Rockville Pike - spinal compression frx; Myerson MS, ed. Rowe Classification: Types I-III do not involve the subtalar joint. Types IV and V (60%) involve the subtalar joint. Treatment is nonoperative versus operative based on fracture displacement and alignment, associated soft tissue injury, and patient risk factors. Fischer S, Meinert M, Neun O, Colcuc C, Gramlich Y, Hoffmann R, Manegold S. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1993. At the time the article was created The Radswiki had no recorded disclosures. - in patients that performed heavy work: [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Zhang W, Lin F, Chen E, Xue D, Pan Z. Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. - Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for comminuted intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: Preliminary results. 48 (3):315-22. CALCANEAL FRACTURES Signs & Symptoms: Acute pain, edema about heel, pain w/ compression/palpation, pain w/ STJ motion, fx blisters on skin, plantar medial&lateral ecchymosis (mondur's sign) Bohler's Angle: Measures sagittal plane relationship of talus and calcaneus - compare to contralateral side. Am J Surg. A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Multicenter Trial. Objective The aim of this study was to correlate the functional outcome after treatment for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture with plain radiography. Public Health Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus. Type 5 Intra-articular fracture of body with collapse/depression, Essex-Lopresti Classification (most widely used): J Orthop Trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Br. The body of the calcaneus is composed primarily of cancellous bone, having a comparatively thin cortex. Carpenter BB, Butterworth ML, Fishco WD, Marcoux JT, eds. - associated injuries: Results of fractures of the os calcis. 41 (6):689-697. 2018 Apr. [25] Assessment involved a combination of radiography with Short Form (SF)-36 and AOFAS questionnaires. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Percutaneous reduction and fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. encoded search term (Calcaneus Fractures) and Calcaneus Fractures. Bruce D. Browner. - Non operative treatment: Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. Type 4 Intra-articular fracture of body without collapse/depression Please. 31:85. Fractures of the calcaneus, or os calcis, have been observed and documented for centuries. Oper Orthop Traumatol. Rheumatology Calcaneus fractures are most commonly seen in young men. At the time the article was last revised Sonam Vadera had - thalamic fragment: depressed portion of the posterior facet; - misc characteristics: what rowe (JAMA, 184:98-101, 1963) calcaneal fracture classification is described? 7 (2):24730114221101609. Orthop Clin North Am. Orthop Clin North Am. - further axial loading may fracture tuberosity fragment creating a supero-lateral fragment of posterior facet; Results After Percutaneous and Arthroscopically Assisted Osteosynthesis of Calcaneal Fractures. Calcaneus fractures are the most common fractured tarsal bone and are associated with a high degree of morbidity and disability. fracture, Rowe Classification: 2018 Apr 24. Type 2A Posterior beak fracture (no achilles involvement) 25 (2):239-256. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Mechanism and pathoanatomy of the intraarticular calcaneal fracture. Conservative versus operative treatment. - Discussion: [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Foot Ankle Int. 4. Yu S & Yu J. Calcaneal Avulsion Fractures: An Often Forgotten Diagnosis. eCollection 2020 Jul. Subscribe to our e-mail newsletter to receive updates. Microbiology and Infection Control The long-term results of conservative management of severely displaced fractures of the calcaneus. - joint depression calcaneal fracture. - Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures with Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Screw Fixation Calcaneal fractures can be difficult to treat and have a history unpredictable outcomes. 2) Centrolateral depression of joint Accessibility The Bhler and Gissane angles are used to assess the severity of calcaneal fractures, and their postoperative appearance is correlated with functional outcomes 12. - distraction helps restore calcaneal width and height 1997 Nov. 18 (11):685-92. Highly comminuted. - large threaded Steinman pin is placed through the posterior superior portion of the calcaneal tuberosity; LINDSAY WR, DEWAR FP. 2002 Jan. 33 (1):263-85, x. 48 (2):156-62. In the more frequent joint-depression fracture, the secondary fracture line begins at the angle of Gissane and extends posteriorly but deviates dorsally to exit the bone just posterior to the posterior articular facet. Check for errors and try again. Su Y, Chen W, Zhang T, Wu X, Wu Z, Zhang Y. Bohler's Angle's Role in Assessing the Injury Severity and Functional Outcome of Internal Fixation for Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: A Retrospective Study. 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved, avulsion injury of the bifurcate ligament, in-situ arthrodesis with preserved calcaneal height, Calcaneal Fracture ORIF with Lateral Approach, Plate Fixation, and Locking Screws. Anatomy James K DeOrio, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Association of Graduates, United States Air Force Academy, Doctors Mayo Society, Mayo Clinic Alumni Association, Society of Air Force Clinical Surgeons, Society of Military Orthopaedic SurgeonsDisclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Exactech; Treace Medical; Additive; Mirus; Crossroads Orthopedics
Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Exactech; Treace Medical; Additive; Mirus; WoultersKluwer; Crossroads Orthopedics
Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Exactech; Treace Medical; Additive; Mirus; WoultersKluwer; Crossroads Orthopedics. Compression fractures of the spine are common. If very symptomatic, use a SLC with initial NWB period until pain subsides. Vol 2: 1297-1340. Comparing different types of calcaneal fractures, associated treatment options, and outcome data is currently hampered by the lack of consensus regarding fracture classification. Causes of fractures include the following: Extra-articular injuries are more likely to occur with a sudden twisting force applied to the hindfoot than with other mechanisms. - nondisplaced frx w/ mild or moderate decrease in Bohler's < are initially treated by early mobilization, avoidance of wt bearing for 6 weeks; Browner BD, Jupiter JB, Krettek C, Anderson PA, eds. The Posterolateral Approach for Calcaneal Fractures. - displaced supero-lateral fragment can impinge upon peroneal tendons; Buckley RE, Meek RN. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Patients A total of 33 patients with a unilateral calcaneal fracture and a minimum follow-up of 13 months participated. - Wound healing complications in closed and open calcaneal fractures. Part I: Pathological anatomy and classification, Mechanism and pathoanatomy of the intraarticular calcaneal fracture, Fractures of the calcaneum: the anterolateral fragment, Computed tomographic assessment of soft tissue abnormalities following calcaneal fractures, Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of calcaneal fat pads in patients with os calcis fractures, Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: Present state of the art, Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, Fractures of the calcaneus: open reduction and internal fixation from the medial side a 21-year prospective study, Operative Compared with Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures. 1. Foot Ankle Orthop. - this stabilizes the valgus reduction; - lateral wall becomes comminuted; At the time the article was last revised Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures. If symptoms persist, excise the fragment 2018 May-Jun. Severely comminuted intra-articular fractures may be treated with a combination of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and arthrodesis of the subtalar joint. Selim A, Ponugoti N, Chandrashekar S. Systematic Review of Operative vs Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Intraarticular Calcaneal Fractures. Rubino R, Valderrabano V, Sutter PM, Regazzoni P. Prognostic value of four classifications of calcaneal fractures. - technique: [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Lack of first rocker sagittal plane block Design The design was a prognostic study of a retrospective cohort with concurrent follow-up. Clin Orthop Relat Res. The sinus tarsi approach yielded statistically significant improvements in functional outcomes over the minimally invasive approach, but this was limited to patients with Sanders type IV injuries. [Full Text]. Eversion, medial tuberosity is injured. - Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum treated operatively or conservatively. 15 (1):167. 2010 Aug. 24 (8):466-72. Interventions for treating calcaneal fractures. Data Trace Publishing Company
Richards PJ, Bridgman S. Review of the radiology in randomised controlled trials in open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Podiatry Books 2001 Jan. 32 (1):35-51, viii. Reddy V, Fukuda T, Ptaszek AJ. 2014 Feb 19. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 01 May 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-12879, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":12879,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcaneal-fracture/questions/2122?lang=us"}. Foot Ankle Int. if (!document.MAX_used) document.MAX_used = ','; [26] The Bhler angle, the Gissane angle, and the height and length of the calcaneus were increased after treatment. Rowe CR, Sakellarides H, Freeman P. Fractures of os calcis - a long-term follow-up study one hundred forty-six patients. if (document.MAX_used != ',') document.write ("&exclude=" + document.MAX_used); 2020 Jul. [CDATA[ - tuberosity fragment tilts into varus and is pulled proximally by the Achilles tendon; [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Foot Ankle Int. The Essex-Lopresti classification showed no statistically significant relation with any of the clinical scores (p > 0.05). Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. The need for preoperative, or screening, laboratory studies usually depends on the extent of other injuries and the presence of comorbid medical conditions. Fractures of the calcaneum: the anterolateral fragment. CT is the modality of choice to evaluate calcaneal fracture. Patients filled in . Initial management compression and elevation to reduce swelling; Compartment syndrome is early complication needs immediate fasciotomy, Long term sequelae: Nondisplaced intra-articular fractures are generally treated in a closed fashion. Disruption of this angle is due to lateral process of talus driving through calcaneusThe goal of treatment is often to re-establish the articular alignment, meaning the posterior facet.Rowe 1a plantar tuberosity. - they found that operatively treated fractures returned to work quicker (av 87 days sooner); 2022 Mar. - in the review by Tufescu TV andBuckley R, the authors conducted a prospective cohort study of 169 patientswhosustained intra-articular calcaneal fractures; 3) Sustentaculum tali fracture alone Wound healing complications in closed and open calcaneal fractures. This fracture fragment contains most of the posterior facet. Websites Fractures of the anterior process represent 10-15% of extra-articular injuries; these are the only type of calcaneus fractures that are more common in women than in men. Intra-Articular Fractures of the Calcaneus. [Full Text]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. There are, however, several important areas of increased bony density that are particularly amenable to screw placement, including the following: The tibial artery, nerve, posterior tibial tendon, and flexor hallucis longus tendon course along the medial wall of the calcaneus, though they are rarely damaged in calcaneus fractures caused by blunt force. Shekhbihi A, Shahat A, Riem S, Reichert W, Masoud M. J Orthop. The understanding of the anatomy, injury mechanism, and classification of these fractures has advanced since surgical treatment was introduced in 1850. 4) With comminution from below - extra-articular Unable to process the form. 2002 Oct. 23 (10):906-16. 95 (4):555-76. 1) Beak type Mahmoud K, Mekhaimar M, Alhammoud A. Fractures of the os calcis. b) Involving calcaneocuboid joint if (document.context) document.write ("&context=" + escape(document.context)); - sustentacular fragment (constant fragment) Orthop. A prospective study. Paediatrics ; Tongue type which has the same vertical fracture line as a depression type with another horizontal fracture line running posteriorly, creating . This site needs JavaScript to work properly. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology Essentials E-Book. Learn faster with spaced repetition. - references: Calcaneus fractures. Wells C. Fractures of the heel bones in early and prehistoric times. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 4) Horizontal Outcomes according to the AOFAS score were excellent or good in 80% of cases. At follow-up, only 12 of the 22 patients (55%) of the patients had very good or good clinical results; four had average results, and six had poor results. Thermann H, Krettek C, Hfner T, Schratt HE, Albrecht K, Tscherne H. Management of calcaneal fractures in adults. b) With displacement Injury. Footwear Inversion, lateral tuberosity. Foot Ankle Clin. - it remains attached to the talus by strong deltoid ligament and by the interosseousligament lies in the interosseous sulcus - smoking patient who is unwilling to immediately quit smoking; Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus. Park CH, Yoon DH. 2007 Aug. 120 (2):459-66; discussion 467-9. Surgical experience as a decisive factor for the outcome of calcaneal fractures using locking compression plate: results of 3years. - ORIF using lateral approach: 30 (3):e75-81. Background: Sinus tarsi approach and mini-calc plate have been used for intra-articular calcaneal fractures. 3-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. - secondary frx line; 1949. The bone distractor apaprently retracted the soft-tissue flap, helped reduce the articular and tuberosity fragment, and improved visualization by distracting the posterior talocalcaneal joint. Schepers T, Vogels LM, Schipper IB, Patka P. Percutaneous reduction and fixation of intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Heger L, Wulff K, Seddiqi M. Computed Tomography of Calcaneal Fractures. 7 (5):417-27. - tuberosity fragment (posterolateral fragment) Foot (Edinb). Research 2009 Mar-Apr. - main goal is to regain calcaneal height and width and to take the calcaneus out of varus alignment; Type III (20%) are oblique fractures. 184:920-923. Extra-articular fractures, with some exceptions, are generally treated in a closed manner. J Foot Ankle Surg. (2013) ISBN: 9781107679689 -, 9. 1) Tongue type with displacement - anteromedial (sustentacular) frag is rarely comminuted but varies in size; Foot Ankle Orthop. Case 8: calcaneal anterior process fracture, Case 9: extra-articular calcaneal fracture, Case 12: anterior calcaneal process fracture, see full revision history and disclosures, Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, 1. 128-34. JAMA. Calcaneal Fractures - Should We or Should We not Operate?. 2018 Sep. 39 (9):1106-1112. //]]>-->. Medscape Education. - Displacement of the Sustentacular Fragment in Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures - Fatigue Fractures of the Calcaneus Cotton FJ, Henderson FF. 2009 Oct. 33 (5):1283-8. Foot and Ankle Disorders. Int Orthop. Calcaneus injuries represent 2% of all fractures seen in adults. Orthopaedic Specialists of North Carolina. Matherne T, Tivorsak T, Monu J. Calcaneal Fractures: What the Surgeon Needs to Know. (See Ankle Joint Anatomy.). Norris correctly described a compression mechanism in calcaneus fractures in 1839, and in 1843, Malgaigne described two types of calcaneal fractures; this description formed the first. As the most common tarsal bone fracture, calcaneal fractures accounting for approximately 2% of all fractures are typically caused by high-energy injuries, such as motor vehicle accident or falls from height [].Displaced intra-articular injuries represent 60 to 75% of all fractures [].The treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures has long been a controversial topic among . 51 (3):325-338. Open injuries that have been reported have occurred in only 2% of cases. and transmitted securely. J Foot Ankle Surg. government site. 30 (3):e88-92. Wound Management, Extensor digitorum brevis avulsion fracture, Suggest an edit or suggest some resources, We have not yet got to this page to finish it yet. ROWE (JAMA, 184:98-101, 1963)Type 11A - fracture of the plantar tuberosity due to inverted or everted foot1B - fracture of the sustentaculum tali due to twist on a supinated foot1C - fracture of the anterior tubercle due to plantarflexion on a supinated footType 22A - "beak fracture" without Achilles insertion involvement2B - avulsion fracture of Status post open reduction and internal fixation. (3) 1. - may also use lateral pin to manipulate the fracture fragments; Reconstruction of Bohler's angle (to >20E) 2. Surgical management of calcaneal fractures. J Orthop Surg Res. - primary frx line: - most of these involve the posterior facet (but can involve anterior and middle facets); Study ROWE CLASSICATION FOR CALCANEAL FRACTURE flashcards from Nicholas de Guzman's University of Louisville class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. A complete blood count (CBC), blood. Scott Nicklebur, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of PhysiciansDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. - Essex Lopresti: [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. (2):CD001161. [17, 18, 19] Each modality has at times enjoyed more attention and enthusiasm in the literature. - Treatment Options: Essex-Lopresti P. The mechanism, reduction technique, and results in fractures of the os calcis, 1951-52. 2009 Mar. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Vinod K Panchbhavi, MD, FACS, FAOA, FABOS, FAAOS Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Chief, Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Director, Foot and Ankle Fellowship Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Radswiki T, Vadera S, Niknejad M, et al. 1982 Apr. Calcaneal fractures are relatively uncommon, comprising 1 to 2 percent of all fractures, but important because they can lead to long-term disability. Rammelt S, Gavlik JM, Barthel S, Zwipp H. The value of subtalar arthroscopy in the management of intra-articular calcaneus fractures. Skeletal Radiol. Podiatrists Operative Compared with Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures. J Foot Ankle Surg. Long-term functional outcomes after operative treatment for intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus. Eckstein C, Kottmann T, Fchtmeier B, Mller F. Long-term results of surgically treated calcaneal fractures: an analysis with a minimum follow-up period of twenty years. ii) Involving the subtalar joint Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 01 May 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-27025, View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures, see full revision history and disclosures, Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, Sander's classification of calcaneal fracture, Calcaneal fractures (Sanders classification system), Sander's CT classification of calcaneal fracture.
